NMDA receptor activity bidirectionally controls active decay of long‐term spatial memory in the dorsal hippocampus

The time‐dependent forgetting of long‐term spatial memories involves activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the hippocampus. Here, we tested whether NMDARs regulate memory persistence bidirectionally, decreasing or increasing the rate of forgetting. We found that blocking NMDAR activation with AP5 or the GluN2B‐selective antagonist Ro25‐6981 in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) prevented the natural forgetting of long‐term memory for the locations of objects in an open field arena. In contrast, while enhancing NMDAR function with the partial agonist D‐Cycloserine did not affect the speed of forgetting for these types of memories, infusing the NMDAR co‐agonist D‐Serine significantly shortened their persistence. These results suggest that NMDAR activity can modulate the speed of constitutive long‐term memory decay in the dHPC and that regulating NMDAR expression and D‐Serine availability could provide a mechanism to control the duration of long‐term memory.     

白术的化学成分与药理作用及复方临床应用进展

白术作为一味传统中药,在历代本草著作中广泛记载,其功效有一定演变。现代研究发现,其主要化学成分有挥发油、多糖、内酯类等,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、调节消化系统等药理作用。临床以中药复方的形式应用于胃肠道疾病、心血管疾病、免疫系统疾病、肝脏疾病等治疗。对近5年SCI收录的白术相关文章进行分析,简述其化学成分,重点围绕着药理作用以及复方的临床应用展开论述,为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

不同产地细辛中主要有效成分含量测定与比较

目的研究47份不同来源、不同表型正品细辛样品的有效成分含量,评价正品细辛样品的质量,揭示有效成分形成与遗传和地域的关系,为细辛优良品种选育与开发利用提供理论依据。方法冷凝回流法提取挥发油、乙醇热浸法提取醇溶性浸出物,HPLC法测定细辛脂素含量、气质联用(GC-MS)分析挥发油组分,组间联接法进行聚类分析。结果 47份细辛样品挥发油量0.81%～3.32%。有5份样品挥发油量超过3.0%。醇溶性浸出物量为9.87%～29.40%,含量超过20%的样品占总数的63.8%。细辛脂素质量分数为0.118%～0.424%,有26份样品细辛脂素质量分数超过0.25%;47份细辛挥发油可分离出的化合物种类48～77种,化合物种类和含量有较大差异。基于有效成分的聚类分析将不同来源地、不同表型的细辛分为10类,聚类方式基本是按照来源地为基础进行聚类,同一来源地的汉城细辛和北细辛聚在一类中。结论在同一栽培环境和条件下,不同来源地、不同植物学表型的样品个体间有效成分含量间存在差异,新品种选育时可依照植物表型选择优良育种材料。大部分样品聚类与来源地域有关而与植物表型以及植物学分类无关。     

Is interleukin-2 an optimal marker for diagnosing tuberculosis infection? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a huge reservoir for the deadlier TB disease. Accurate identification of LTBI is a key strategy to eliminate TB. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis approach was used to assess diagnostic potential of IL-2 for LTBI.     

基于网络药理学探讨玫瑰花抗炎的作用机制

目的：运用网络药理学的方法，预测玫瑰花的活性成分和作用靶点，为揭示玫瑰花抗炎的作用机制提供参考依据。方法：通过中医药综合数据库（TCMID）和中药系统药理学数据库（TCMSP）检索玫瑰花的所有化学成分，并筛选玫瑰花的活性化学成分；然后通过TCMSP 数据库和BATMAN-TCM数据库，查找活性化合物的作用靶点；使用 Cytoscape3.6.1软件构建“活性成分-靶点-疾病”复杂网络关系图；运用生物学信息注释数据库（DAVID）进行基因本体（GO）功能富集分析和基于京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析研究其抗炎的作用机制。结果：共检索出121个化合物，其中7个化合物作为活性化合物；共检索出197个作用靶点；通过网络拓扑特征评价筛选出45个潜在作用靶点，利用DAVID数据库，筛选出66个生物过程和18条信号通路参与玫瑰花抗炎的作用。而与玫瑰花抗炎最为密切的信号通路包括NF-kB、TNF、MAPK等，同时其主要涉及的生物过程包括I-kappaB激酶/NF-kappaB信号通路的正调控、NF-kappaB转录因子活性的正调控、依赖TRIF的Toll样受体信号通路等。结论：本研究初步揭示了玫瑰花抗炎的潜在靶点、涉及的生物过程及信号通路，发现其具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点，为进一步的实验研究奠定了基础。     

Flow-through arterialized venous free thenar flaps for palmar soft tissue defects in fingers

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of venous free thenar flaps for reconstructing palmar soft tissue defects in fingers.MethodsFrom December 2018 to October 2019, 11 patients with palmar soft tissue defects in fingers were treated using venous free thenar flaps. At the final follow-up, the range of thumb radial and palmar abduction on the injured side and opposite side was calculated. The total active movement (TAM) of the injured and opposite fingers and flap sensibility recovery were also recorded.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 13.4 months, all flaps survived, and all wounds at the donor sites healed with no skin necrosis. At the last follow-up, the average range of thumb radial abduction and thumb palmar abduction on the injured side was 96.6% and 95.9% of the value on the opposite side, respectively. The average TAM of the injured fingers was 98.2% of the value of the opposite fingers. Sensation in the flaps was restored to grade S2 to S3.ConclusionVenous free thenar flaps can be alternatives for reconstructing palmar soft tissue defects in fingers.